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The purpose of this chapter is to study the key components of well-balanced information economy. The authors offer a hypothesis that progressive development of information economy in the country depends on the balance of its components. The methodology of the research is based on using the method of comparative analysis and analysis of statistical information for determining the state, tendencies, and dynamics of development of the main components of well-balanced information economy. The research allowed for generalization of certain empirical data on structural components of well-balanced information economy of Russia. The performed research showed that there is a difference in approaches to determination of the essence of information economy and variety of approaches to its structure. Also, there is a sustainable tendency of growth of the key components of information economy: in the sphere of production of means of information equipment, reliability of functional equipment grows, its weight and dimensions reduce, and energy saving ratio increases; in the sphere of production of information products, variety of products grows and limits of their usage expand – from professional activities to application in households; service sphere in information economy is the fastest growing component – especially in the sphere of telecommunication systems. Russia is peculiar for imbalance between separate components of information economy, which is deepened by excessive dependence of domestic market of the information and communication technology (ICT) on foreign suppliers; as a result of which Russian companies lag behind their rivals. Hence, formation of well-balanced information economy requires symbiosis of efforts of the state, private business, and scientific community. Qualitative growth of economy is possible with technologies that allow evaluating the current state of markets and spheres and conducting effective forecasting of their development, as well as reacting to changes in the situation in national and world markets.